Pierre-Joseph Redouté is perhaps
the most popular botanical painter of all, thanks largely
to the 170 plates collected in the three volumes of Les Roses (1817-24).
Redouté (1759-1840) came from a family of many
generations of painters, and studied under the botanist Charles-Louis
L’Héritier de Brutelle, who persuaded him that the
best botanical illustrations were the result of an expert knowledge
of living things. For the last fifty years of his life Redouté served
as drawing master to the queens and princesses of France, from
Marie-Antoinette to Marie-Amelie. His drawings adorned a series
of lavishly illustrated books by leading French botanists which
covered a wide range of subjects from garden plants to forest trees
and succulents.
Roses, however, are the most familiar subject of his works, owing
to the outstanding quality of his artistry and the devotion of so
many gardeners to this group of shrubs. Among these enthusiasts
was the Empress Josephine, whose garden at Malmaison contained over
200 varieties of roses, many of which Redouté painted for
his book. Still grown today is a rose with fragrant, pinkish-white
flowers called “Souvenir de la Malmaison,” which commemorates
both Josephine’s garden and the West Indian island of Martinique
where she was born. Not all the roses depicted in Les Roses came from Malmaison, however; Redouté and the author of the
descriptive text, Claude-Antoine Thory, selected varieties from
the national gardens at Paris, Sèvres, and Versailles and
from the gardens of nurserymen and knowledgeable amateurs.
Redouté created the most memorable survey of the rose through
his skill in representing the its infinite variety and his equal
talent for capturing the subtleties of shape and color in both flowers
and leaves – and often an impression of the way the whole
bush grows as well. Les Roses remains a cornerstone in the
study of the historical development of this favorite flower, as
well as the unequaled peak of its artistic depiction. No flower
painter has so linked his name and immortality with a single genus
as has Redouté with the rose. This Octavo Edition reproduces
the first of only five special copies issued in large folio format
with the plates in a double sequence: uncolored (on tan paper) and
colored (on white paper), from The Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection
at the Library of Congress.
The original book imaged for this digital edition:
18 x 12 inches (458 x 305 mm)
Entranced Empress
Although Redouté illustrated a wide range of botanical subjects, from garden
plants to forest trees and succulents, in the course of his long career,
roses remain the most familiar part of his works, thanks both to the
outstanding quality of his artistry and the devotion of so many gardeners to
this group of shrubs. The Empress Josephine was one of these enthusiasts,
and her collection of over 200 roses was displayed at Malmaison (about 10
miles west of Paris, where part of her garden can still be visited). There
she employed several botanists to catalogue and describe her plants, and
RedoutØ became a member of this group. There is still a shrub called
“Souvenir de la Malmaison” – a fragrant, pinkish-white flower, one of the
shrub roses of the Bourbon group that commemorates both Josephines garden
and the West Indian island of Martinique where she was born.
Thorny Thory
Though Redoutés rose illustrations have been widely reproduced, the
descriptive text written by his collaborator Claude-Antoine Thory
(1759-1827) has never before been fully and authoritatively translated into
English, doubtless at least in part on account of the difficulty of
translating Latinate technical terms from a Romance language into a Germanic
tongue. Thory was a member of several learned societies – though botany was
his favorite pursuit – and his other books include works on freemasonry and a
tiny monograph on gooseberries, published in 1829, that provides a great
contrast to the massive volumes of Les Roses. Each plate has a matching
text with a botanical description, an account of the varietys various
names, its history, any other relevant observations, and notes on its
cultivation.
Redoutean Rarity
Owing to its size and elaborate technique of reproduction, Les Roses was a
costly book from the very outset, and there were deluxe versions that were
more costly still. In this copy, a larger size of paper enhanced the
setting of the individual rose. An additional suite of uncolored plates on
tan paper in turn enable the viewer to appreciate the engravers artistry
without chromatic distraction. According to Redoutés manuscript note on
the half-title of the first volume of this set, “I have printed only five
copies of my Roses on this paper and in this form with the plates in black
and in color, of which this is number one.”